obese mice  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Ergothioneine rescues obesity-induced testicular dysfunction via dual restoration of steroidogenesis and mitochondrial redox homeostasis

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104090

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chronic high-fat diet progressively impairs testicular architecture and sperm quality. (A) Longitudinal body weight changes in control and HFD-fed mice over a 14-week period (left), and representative gross morphology showcasing significant obesity in the HFD group (right). n = 6. (B) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) profiles demonstrating impaired glucose homeostasis in HFD mice. (C) Adipose and organ weights, including epididymal fat, inguinal fat, liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and testes, normalized to body weight. (D-E) Quantitative analysis of sperm concentration and total motility assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). (F) Representative H&E-stained sections of testicular tissues from SNC (Short-term Normal Control), SHFD (Short-term HFD), LNC (Long-term Normal Control), and LHFD (Long-term HFD) groups. scale bar = 50 μm. (G-H) Representative immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, morphometric quantification of the Mean Tubular Biopsy Score (MTBS) and germinal epithelium (GE) thickness, reflecting the degree of seminiferous tubule degeneration. (I-J) Quantification of Transition Protein 1 (TNP1) and γH2AX in testicular sections. γH2AX serves as a marker for DNA double-strand breaks in meiotic spermatocytes. scale bar = 20 μm. (K–N) Cytotoxicity profiles of mouse testicular cell lines (GC-1 spg, GC-2 spd, TM3, and TM4) following exposure to varying concentrations of palmitate (PA) for 48 h, assessed via CCK-8 assay. (O) Representative fluorescence images of BODIPY™ 493/503 staining visualizing neutral lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in GC-1 spg, GC-2 spd, TM3, and TM4 cells under lipotoxic conditions. scale bar = 20 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n ≥ 3 independent biological replicates). The normality of the data was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 indicate significant differences compared to the control group.

Article Snippet: The mice used in the study were sourced from two different suppliers, corresponding to two distinct animal models: i) The high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model mice were obtained from Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Control, Concentration Assay, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry, Marker, CCK-8 Assay, Fluorescence

Journal: Redox Biology

Article Title: Ergothioneine rescues obesity-induced testicular dysfunction via dual restoration of steroidogenesis and mitochondrial redox homeostasis

doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2026.104090

Figure Lengend Snippet: Progressive depletion of ergothioneine and lipid remodeling defined in the HFD testes . (A) Multivariate partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plot illustrating a distinct separation of metabolic phenotypes between the HFD and Control groups at different time points. (B) Volcano plot identifying significantly altered metabolites based on the criteria of variable importance in projection(VIP) > 1.0 and P < 0.05. (C) Chemical class distribution of the identified differential metabolites, highlighting major lipid and organic acid remodeling. (D) Differential abundance of top-ranked testicular metabolites, showing significantly upregulated and downregulated molecules across experimental cohorts. (E) Summary of the total number of differential metabolites identified through pairwise comparisons (SHFD vs. SNC; LHFD vs. LNC; and LHFD vs. SHFD), demonstrating the temporal metabolic shift. (F-G) Venn diagrams depicting intersectional analysis of shared and unique (F) upregulated and (G) downregulated metabolites among the indicated longitudinal comparisons. (H) Longitudinal quantification of l -Ergothioneine (ET) levels in testicular tissues across the SNC, SHFD, LNC, and LHFD groups, showcasing its progressive depletion during HFD-induced obesity. Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 6 biological replicates for metabolomics). The normality of the metabolic data was rigorously assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For multiple group comparisons, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test was employed. ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001 versus the respective control group.

Article Snippet: The mice used in the study were sourced from two different suppliers, corresponding to two distinct animal models: i) The high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model mice were obtained from Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Control

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Selective inhibition of ALDH1A3 impedes breast cancer growth and metastasis by blocking ALDH1A3-driven transcriptional programs

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114863

Figure Lengend Snippet: IP pharmacokinetics of CLM296 in female NOD-SCID mice (A and B) CLM296 serum concentrations versus time curve and PK parameters in female NOD-SCID mice treated with a single dose of 4 mg/kg CLM296 administered via IP injection and collected at set time points. Each point represents an individual mouse ( n = 4 per time point). (C) CLM296 organ concentrations versus time curve in female NOD-SCID mice treated with a single dose of 4 mg/kg CLM296 administered via IP injection. Each point represents an individual mouse ( n = 4 per time point). (D) CLM296 serum concentrations versus time curve in female NOD-SCID mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors with ALDH1A3 OE were treated with a single dose of 4 mg/kg CLM296 administered via IP injection. Each point represents an individual mouse ( n = 4 per time point). (E) CLM296 tumor concentrations versus time curve in female NOD-SCID mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors with ALDH1A3 OE with a single dose of 4 mg/kg CLM296 administered via IP injection. Each point represents an individual mouse ( n = 4 per time point). (F) CLM296 organ concentrations versus time curve in female NOD-SCID mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors with ALDH1A3 OE treated with a single dose of 4 mg/kg CLM296 administered via IP injection. Each point represents an individual mouse ( n = 4 per time point).

Article Snippet: Six to 12-week-old female non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) female mice (Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, QC) were used for all in vivo experiments.

Techniques: Drug discovery, Injection

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Selective inhibition of ALDH1A3 impedes breast cancer growth and metastasis by blocking ALDH1A3-driven transcriptional programs

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114863

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oral pharmacokinetics of CLM296 in MDA-MB-231 ALDH1A3 OE tumor-bearing female NOD-SCID mice (A and B) CLM296 serum concentrations versus time curve in female NOD-SCID mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors with ALDH1A3 OE were treated with a single dose of 4 mg/kg CLM296 administered via oral gavage. Each point represents an individual mouse ( n = 4 per time point). (C) CLM296 tumor concentrations versus time curve in female NOD-SCID mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors with ALDH1A3 OE treated with a single dose of 4 mg/kg CLM296 administered via oral gavage. Each point represents an individual mouse ( n = 4 per time point, note that at early time points, a few of the tumor samples were below the limit of detection and so are not shown in the graph). (D) CLM296 organ concentrations versus time curve in female NOD-SCID mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors with ALDH1A3 OE treated with a single dose of 4 mg/kg CLM296 administered via oral gavage. Each point represents an individual mouse ( n = 4 per time point).

Article Snippet: Six to 12-week-old female non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) female mice (Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, QC) were used for all in vivo experiments.

Techniques: Drug discovery

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Selective inhibition of ALDH1A3 impedes breast cancer growth and metastasis by blocking ALDH1A3-driven transcriptional programs

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114863

Figure Lengend Snippet: CLM296 reduces ALDH1A3-mediated tumor growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells in NOD-SCID mice. (A) Tumor growth and weight of MDA-MB-231 vector control tumor-bearing female NOD-SCID mice treated with 0 mg/kg ( n = 9), 0.4 mg/kg CLM296 ( n = 10), or 4 mg/kg CLM296 ( n = 10), or ALDH1A3 OE tumor-bearing mice treated with 0 mg/kg ( n = 9), 0.4 mg/kg ( n = 10), or 4 mg/kg ( n = 9) CLM296. Treatment with CLM296 began once palpable tumors developed (indicated by the arrow, day 15) in the tumor volume plot, which demonstrates weekly caliper measurements. The tumor weight plot shows final tumor weight from the harvested tumors at endpoint. Tumor volume and weight significance were analyzed with two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons post-test and p value < 0.05 = ∗, <0.01 = ∗∗, <0.001 = ∗∗∗, <0.0001 = ∗∗∗∗, ns, not significant. In the tumor volume graph, each point represents the mean of each group and error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM). In the tumor weight graph, each point represents an individual mouse, and error bars represent SEM. (B) RNA extracted from the harvested tumors was analyzed via RT-qPCR for DHRS3 and RARβ expression. Significance was analyzed with two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons post-test and p value < 0.05 = ∗, <0.01 = ∗∗, <0.001 = ∗∗∗, <0.0001 = ∗∗∗∗, ns, not significant. Each point represents an individual mouse and error bars represent SEM. (C) Body weights of the mice were measured weekly. Arrow indicates start of CLM296 IP injections. Each point represents the mean of each group and error bars represent SEM. (D) Serum creatinine and ALT of MDA-MB-231 vector control or ALDH1A3 OE tumor-bearing mice when treated daily with CLM296 via IP injection for 26 days. Significance was analyzed with two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons post-test and p value < 0.05 = ∗, <0.01 = ∗∗, <0.001 = ∗∗∗, <0.0001 = ∗∗∗∗, ns, not significant. Each point represents an individual mouse and error bars represent SEM. (E) Transwell invasion assays were completed with vector control and ALDH1A3 OE MDA-MB-231 cells treated with or without 100 nM CLM296. FBS was used as a chemoattractant. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test and p value < 0.05 = ∗, <0.01 = ∗∗, <0.001 = ∗∗∗, <0.0001 = ∗∗∗∗, ns, not significant. Each point represents a separate n ( n = 6), and error bars represent SD. (F) Representative images of H&E-stained mouse lung sections from the second in vivo experiment taken from mice bearing MDA-MB-231 ALDH1A3 OE tumors treated with or without 4 mg/kg CLM296 ( n = 5 per group; 1 independent experiment). Arrows indicate metastatic lesions. (G) Quantification of MDA-MB-231 ALDH1A3 OE cells in the lung lobes of each mouse by RT-qPCR using human specific GAPDH primers. The horizontal line represents the limit of detection in the assay at 10 MDA-MB-231 per mouse lung lobe. Significance was analyzed with a one-way unpaired t test, and p value < 0.05 = ∗. Each point represents an individual mouse ( n = 9), and error bars represent SEM.

Article Snippet: Six to 12-week-old female non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) female mice (Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, QC) were used for all in vivo experiments.

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Injection, Staining, In Vivo

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Melanocortin receptor 4 agonist setmelanotide treats opioid-induced respiratory depression

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.08.708886

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative Poincaré plots of minute ventilation (V E ) in lean C57BL/6J male mice at baseline, after morphine plus vehicle (Mor + Veh), and after Mor plus setmelanotide (Mor + Set) administration. (B) Short-term (SD1) and long-term (SD2) breathing variability in lean male mice. (C) Representative Poincaré plots of V E from lean C57BL/6J diet-induced DIO male mice at baseline, Mor + Veh, and after Mor + Set administration. (D) SD1 and SD2 breathing variability in DIO male mice. Data are presented as median ± IQR. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann–Whitney test. * P ≤ 0.05 and *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The experiments were conducted on lean male C57BL/6J mice (#000664) aged 20 - 24 weeks, diet-induced obese (DIO) mice induced (#380050), and obese female C57BL/6J mice obtained from The Jackson Laboratory, lean Sprague Dawley rats and Mc4r-Cre mice (#008330).

Techniques: MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Melanocortin receptor 4 agonist setmelanotide treats opioid-induced respiratory depression

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.08.708886

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative Poincaré plots of minute ventilation (V E ) from lean C57BL/6J male mice at baseline, after Fent plus vehicle (Fent + Veh), and after Fent plus setmelanotide (Mor + Set) administration. (B) Short-term (SD1) and long-term (SD2) breathing variability in lean male mice. (C) Representative Poincaré plots of V E from lean C57BL/6J diet-induced obese (DIO) male mice at baseline, Fent + Veh, and after Fent + Set administration. (D) SD1 and SD2 breathing variability in DIO male mice. (E) Representative Poincaré plots of V E from lean C57BL/6J DIO female mice at baseline, Fent + Veh, and after Fent + Set administration. (F) SD1 and SD2 breathing variability in DIO female mice. Data are presented as median ± IQR. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank and Mann–Whitney tests. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001. The baseline group is the same as in for comparison purposes.

Article Snippet: The experiments were conducted on lean male C57BL/6J mice (#000664) aged 20 - 24 weeks, diet-induced obese (DIO) mice induced (#380050), and obese female C57BL/6J mice obtained from The Jackson Laboratory, lean Sprague Dawley rats and Mc4r-Cre mice (#008330).

Techniques: MANN-WHITNEY, Comparison